Life Span Development Essays - Curious George, Child Development

Life expectancy Development In the book, ?Curious George rides a bicycle? by H.A. Rey, George gets another bicycle from his companion. His companion advises him to be cautious with his new bicycle and to hold near the house while he is no more. George doesn't tune in to his companion and chooses to go investigating ceaselessly from the house. While investigating, George sees two young men playing with their toy vessels and afterward concludes that he needs to play with a toy pontoon. George made an arrangement (how to make the vessel) and afterward he completed the assignment. George made himself a pontoon out of paper. This is a case of stage two, 1-3 years, Erikson. ?In stage two, youngsters express their developing restraint by climbing, contacting, investigating, and attempt to get things done for themselves.? (Dennis Coon) Though most youngsters in stage two would investigate their kitchen floor, or roof, not a waterway! I additionally read the story, ?Curious George gets a decoration? by H.A. Rey. In this story George makes a wreck in his companions house. George is on edge to tidy up the wreckage before his companion returns home. The explanation that he is so anxious to tidy up the wreckage is on the grounds that he is considering the potential outcomes of his activities. On the off chance that this were a real young man, he would think, ? I would prefer not to get rebuffed, so I will tidy up the chaos.? Or then again, ?Oh, No! I will fall into huge difficulty!? This is a case of Stage 1 the preconventional level, Kohlberg. In the event that his companion weren't getting back home would George work so energetically to tidy up the wreckage? I think not. In the second 50% of the book, George is approached to help a teacher in a to some degree perilous investigation. The teacher that has solicited this from him says, ?obviously everything will be pardoned on the off chance that you are happy to go.? (George got into a touch of difficulty while he was there.) George consents to this solicitation since he needs to satisfy others. George needs to be decent. For what reason would a youngster need to please others? This is on the grounds that they are attempting to dodge dissatisfaction. This is a case of Stage 3, the customary level, Kohlberg. The last book that I read was ?Curious George? by H.A. Rey. George is taken from his home in Africa, to a major boat. His companion instructs him to ? run along and play yet don't stumble into any difficulty.? George vows to be acceptable. George discovered some ocean gulls on the deck, and saw that they could fly. He needed to fly as well. George attempted to fly, and fell into the sea. Clearly, George isn't thinking coherently. He doesn't understand that he can not fly. This is a case of the preoperational stage, 2-7 years. Piaget. I have another case of the preoperational stage not identified with the book. My younger sibling, Zo?, is 4 years of age. My mom as of late got her a customized tune tape. In the start of the tape it requests that her holler out her name. She shouts, ?Zo?!!?. At that point it says ?Zo! That is a pleasant name!? All through the tape her name is remembered for the entirety of the melodies. She imagines that the individual talking can extremely here her! Presently, refocusing?. In the wake of falling into the sea George is protected and by and by guarantees that he won't stumble into any more difficulty. For what reason would a genuine youngster choose this on the off chance that he/she were in a similar circumstance? They would act along these lines since they would consider their own needs. They wouldn't have any desire to fall into the water again or be vexed in any capacity. This is a case of stage two, the preconventional stage, delight looking for direction. Taking everything into account, I have discovered these phases to remain constant, in my very own life, and in youngsters' storybooks. It's extremely extraordinary to at last comprehend why my younger sibling acts the manner in which she does!

Punishments In History Essays - Torture, Physical Punishments

Disciplines In History The basic act of early Americans that appears to be generally strange to me is that of human discipline. During the seventeen and eighteen hundreds, the way individuals were rebuffed was savage and critical. The individuals who rebuffed others for a wrongdoing, assume control over give disciplines that were really too unforgiving contrasted with the wrongdoing submitted. One of the zones in which such discipline was incredibly obvious was in the slave organizations. Experts would treat their slaves as though they were ?creatures'. It was essential to see that the main thing that contrasted Southern and Northern stores was that those in the south loaded negro-whips and mantraps in their racks. Whipping was the famous method of rebuffing slaves at that point, subsequently stores ensured they had that six to seven foot long tranquility of cowhide, to deal to aces who wished to beat there slaves. This sort of whip was insufficient, for they started making whips that had a platted wire on the end so it would hurt more and make more harm to the skin. I was stunned to peruse that a slave would get ruthless whips only for just taking a beverage of water when it was not break time yet. In the event that taken a gander at cautiously the slave had perpetrated no wrongdoing yet was still whipped by his lord. This is no chance to get wherein a human should treat another human, since we are assume to be the keen, moralistic types of the world. Whipping is still decent, contrasted with different manners by which numerous hoodlums were rebuffed. At times of extraordinary violations, delinquents were confronted with the damaging disciplines of the old correctional laws, which included marking, ear editing, hanging and even sporadically mutilation and consuming alive. Considering such discipline is unforgiving, for I imagined that the main things that got mutilated were the creatures in my grandpas' homestead. That isn't all, since I can not imaging a live individual consumed to death. Making such scenes significantly all the more upsetting was that they were held in open regions where numerous individuals could accumulate and watch. In New Haven, Connecticut, around 1810, Charles Fowler, a nearby history specialist, saw theadmiring understudies a [Yale] school assembled around to watch frivolous hoodlums get five or ten lashes...with a rawhide whip. On a day of a hanging close to Mount Holly, New Jersey, in the 1820's, the scene was that of a occasion: around the spot toward each path were the gathered hoards ? some in tents, and by-wagons. This is foul, for people got a kick out of seeing different people get murdered. Where has the possibility of ethical quality and sense of pride gone for these individuals? At the present time you presumably simply imaging men getting such disciplines yet that was not the situation, for ladies were frequently treated in the equivalent sort of house. In a nation bar in Georgia, Margaret Hall brought the slave servant, yet she was unable to come on the grounds that the special lady had been whipping her what's more, she was not fit to be seen. The following morning she showed up with her face set apart in a few places by the cuts of the cowskin and her neck tissue secured with spots of blood. In my perspective, a lady isn't to be treated in such estate, for they are to be regarded more than men. It isn't that I don't accept that individuals ought to be rebuffed for doing things they shouldn't do, however it ought to be sensible. I have confidence in Eye for an Eye, for if an individual homicides another, his/her discipline ought to be demise. Be that as it may, for an individual, who basically got into a battle with another person, demise doesn't appear to be a sensible method of rebuffing him. Rather he ought to be given a beaten himself with the goal that he can perceive what it feels like. Individuals in the past appeared to take things to far and not consider the circumstance cautiously. On account of God, the old ways, so surprising new to the advanced peruser, bit by bit fell away. Americans changed their suppositions about what was appropriate, not too bad, and ordinary in regular daily existence and started to take a gander at life in an alternate view. Who knows, maybe our ethics, to some future spectator, will appear as peculiar also, shocking, as I accept this sort of conduct seems to be.

Blackpools Literature Character in Hard Times

Blackpool's Literature Character in Harsh Times Charles Dickens Hard Times is a novel delineating the ruinous powers of utilitarianism on the cutting edge world after the Industrial Revolution. Through the clear characters interlaced all through the content, Dickens represents the destruction brought about by the motorization and dehumanization of people as assembly line laborers. This focal subject is most promptly found in the heartbreaking character of Stephen Blackpool and the unbefitting reiteration of battles he is compelled to suffer for profound quality and individual honesty. Indeed, even Stephens last name suggests the solemn, dark pools of catastrophe that drench his life as a modest assembly line laborer. Dickens utilizes the setting where Stephen Blackpool lives, just as his appearance, discourse, social communications, and demise, to unashamedly assault the dangerous idea of utilitarianism. In the tenth section of Dickens Book the First, Stephen Blackpool is first presented as a character in the boring Coketown processing plant setting. In the most diligent piece of Coketownwhere Nature was as firmly bricked out as murdering pretense and gases were bricked inthe entire an unnatural family, bearing, and stomping on, and squeezing each other to deathamong the huge number of Coketownlived a specific Stephen Blackpool, forty years old (68). Stephen originates from the internal most heart of the working town. Though represented Nature would be relied upon to live among a sound network of individuals, counterfeit blocks have been raised in Coketown to make an unnatural town with pictures of lethal gas, exhaust, and brown haze. Indeed, even the nuclear family, which is regularly seen as the center component of most networks, has been torn up and set against itself with rivalry, bearing, and stomping on. Inside the unforgiving and in many cases risky universe of production line work, a man of forty years old would be viewed as a senior laborer. For Steven to have made due to the age of forty authenticates his tirelessness and continuance as a loom weaver. The setting wherein Stephen is portrayed underscores the difference between the outside, harmful condition and his actual personality that is uncovered as a man of heart, trustworthiness, and goodness in the accompanying parts. Many years of work as a weaver in Coketown have formed the physical appearance of Stephens body: a somewhat stooping man, with a sewed forehead, a considering demeanor of face, and a hard-looking head adequately substantial (68). Harsh, endured, and stooping pictures portray Stephens state of being, however past the profound forehead and slouching shoulders lie looks into his actual character: a contemplating, looking, hard-looking man with an abundant limit with regards to goodness. Following this short depiction of Stephens appearance, the peruser is promptly told, whereby another person had gotten had of his roses, he had been equipped with someone elses thistles notwithstanding his own (68). Without a doubt Stephen Blackpool is a burdened character with worn out scars from life in Coketown. The roses of life, regardless of whether established in an upbeat marriage, a loyal family, a delightful activity, or an existence of productive works, have all been denied to Stephen. As a ma n with thistles and torment, Stephen can't make due in his current position. Coketown and other manufacturing plant towns driven exclusively by industry and creation don't esteem people like Stephen. He was a decent force loom weaver, and a man of immaculate uprightness (69). The essential estimation of Stephens life is put in his way of life as a decent force loom weaver. No one but optionally would he be able to be portrayed as having immaculate trustworthiness since laborers in this utilitarian framework were exclusively esteemed in the quantitative proportions of creation. Through the character of Stephen Blackpool, Dickens affirms trustworthiness and uniqueness have no spot to establish and develop in these disheartening conditions. Metaphorically, Stephen can be viewed as a character that speaks to what befalls mechanical laborers when they are dehumanized and esteemed uniquely for processing plant yield. While this symbolic portrayal remains constant all through Dickens epic, Stephen can likewise be analyzed on an unmistakable and exceptional level when contrasted with the other assembly line laborers. When found according to different workers, alluded to as Hands in Hard Times, Stephen held no station among different Hands who could make discourses and continue discusses (68). His straightforward discourse and failure to deny individual respectability drives Stephen into further catastrophe once Slackbridge and other association fomenters ascend against him. In the wake of being thrown out of his laborers gathering, Stephen must answer to the industrial facility proprietor Mr. Bounderby. When provoked by Bounderby to hand-off data on the people actuating the United Aggregate Tribunal, Steven reacts, Theyve no t doon me a kindnessbut what accepts as he has doon his obligation by the rest and without anyone else. God disallow as I, that ha ettn a drooken wi em, a seetn wi em, and toiln wi em, and lovn em, ought to bomb hide to stan by em wi reality, let em ha doon to me what they may (151). Despite the fact that Stephen has been dismissed and surrendered by his kindred specialists, he won't give Bounderby any data to use against the workers. In addition to the fact that Stephens characters mirror the difference between the fomenters debasement and his own standard of righteousness, however his character likewise accentuates the differentiations between the workers destitution and fraternity when contrasted with Bounderbys wealth and personal circumstance. To more noteworthy represent the dissimilarity among Stephen and Bounderbys characters, Dickens composes, Now, a Gods name, said Stephen Blackpool, show me the law to support me! Stitch! Theres a sacredness in this connection of life, said Mr Bounderby, and-and-it must be kept up' (79). In people group like Coketown, balance between the processing plant workers and proprietors can't exist on the grounds that unmistakable figures like Bounderby make certain to keep up sacredness and imbalance regardless of what the ethical expense. When taking a gander at the character of Stephen Blackpool, Dickens focuses on the conspicuous difference and contradiction between the beliefs of utilitarian networks rather than the goals of a man like Stephen Blackpool with impeccable respectability. When Stephen is ousted from Coketown for his asserted and unwarranted irreverence, he winds up looking for another home. Upon Stephens takeoff from Coketown, Dickens comments, so unusual to abandon the fireplaces to the fowls. So bizarre to have the street dust on his feet rather than the coal-coarseness. So weird to have lived to his season of life, but to be starting like a kid this mid year morning! (167). So bizarre to understand the mistreatment tossed on a man like Stephen Blackpool with impeccable character. At the point when Stephens name is in the end criticized for the burglary of Bounderbys bank, he positively comes back to Coketown to guard his respect and respectability. In any case, in the wake of tumbling down the Old Hell Shaft, Stephen communicates his withering wish to Mr. Gradgrind, Sir, yo will clear me a mak my name great wi aw men. This I leave to you (274). Without a name of respect to live on, Coketowns fomenters would unceasingly vanquish Stephens trustworthi ness; along these lines a demonstrated innocence for Stephen is of most extreme significance. When Stephen capitulates to his lethal injuries from the fall, Dickens composes, the star had given him where to discover the God of poor people; and through lowliness, and distress, and absolution, he had gone to his Redeemers rest (275). Just in death can a decent man like Stephen discover harmony and rest from the dark pools of disaster that tormented his life in the utilitarian setting of Coketown. Dickens topic of portraying the ruinous powers of utilitarianism, motorization, and dehumanization is found all through the setting of Hard Times, and explicitly in the character of Stephen Blackpool. By molding the respect showed in this characters physical appearance, discourse, social communications and demise to unmitigatedly differentiate the absence of profound quality in utilitarian industrialization, Dickens voices his judgment on the damaging dehumanization present during this cutting edge period. Except if changes are made, in the expressions of Stephen Blackpoolâ ­a man of immaculate integrityâ ­the world will flood with dark pools of catastrophe and unavoidably become an obfuscate! Aw a jumble! (273).

Analysis Of `` Fences `` A Generational Story About Troy...

Near the turn of the century, as decades passed by in a prejudiced America, where to be black was to lose all dignity, an emerging provocative spirit of liberation eventually catalyzed a period of great change: a period of enlightenment known as the 1960s. Slowly but surely, black pride began to restore as differences in morals between successive generations caused societal changes. Capturing the essence of black struggles prior to -and during- this dynamic period of change, August Wilson wrote the play Fences, a generational story about Troy Maxson, the son of a black sharecropper father. Highlighted by the play’s title, a particularly important motif of Wilson’s work is the concept of â€Å"fences† regarding how they both â€Å"trap things in†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦show more content†¦On pg. 28, after Gabriel’s sudden appearance, Troy argues to Rose, â€Å"If my brother didn’t have that metal plate in his head †¦ I wouldn t have a pot to piss in or a window to throw it out of.† Essentially, he would not have had his land if Gabriel had not been injured. Furthermore, his negative tone, shown through his aggressive word choice throughout his dialogue with Rose, implies agitation and suggests some degree of guilt. After all, Gabriel’s compensatory grant was originally intended to be used for his own well being -and not for the sake of Troy’s stability. While Rose treats Gabriel well with care and concern, shown by her offering to feed him (on pg. 26) and pointing out that â€Å"he ain’t eating right† (on pg. 27), Troy’s guilt leads him to further ignore and cheat Gabriel out of what is rightfully his. On pg. 74 and 75, Rose forcefully confronts Troy for allowing Gabriel to get â€Å"locked up† and â€Å"signing him to the hospital for half his money†, and he responds by claiming that he had been unaware of the release form’s conditions. Intentional or not, this cle arly inconsiderate act supports Troy’s â€Å"pushing away† of Gabriel, showing his incapacity to face guilt and shines a selfish light on him. Finally, on pg. 28, although Troy intends to fix his fence at first, after Gabriel’s sudden intrusion, a mental shift clearly occurs in Troy, who immediately ditches his

Disneys Success as a Company Essay - 1104 Words

The Walt Disney Studio’s Diversity Mission Statement is â€Å"To create an inclusive environment that is open to all perspectives, allowing us to tell compelling stories in film, animation and music that visually and emotionally reflect our audience worldwide.† â€Å"The Walt Disney Studios maintains that the only existing boundaries are those of talent, ambition, imagination and innovation.† (Moore, 2007) â€Å"The Walt Disney Company incorporates best-in-class business standards as a key pillar of its business practices.† (Unknown, 2008) Disney Company provides business standard and ethics training to all of its domestic and international employees through a web based tutorial to ensure that all employees representing the Disney Co. act ethically†¦show more content†¦The Walt Disney Company, according to an EPA report based on 2005 records, â€Å"has reduced an equivalent of more than 71,000 metric tons of carbon dioxide† (Disney, 2008) . Continual planning and organization is underway to enhance green building designs for all Disney hotels by next Earth Day. Disney’s officials say they are very committed and with great leadership and control it is definitely possible (Disney, 2008). External factors are those that affect business from outside the organization. There are several external factors that affect the outcome of day to day business, even for a huge corporation like Disney. Walt Disney has been known for its family entertainment for more than eight decades. It started small in the 1920s and has grown phenomenally today to a global corporation. Even a business this powerful and profitable is affected by external factors. According to Dictionary.com, the definition of globalization is â€Å"to extend to other or all parts of the globe; make worldwide† (Dictionary.com, 2008). Globalization can have a huge impact on the four functions of management. 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Harassment Towards Women Playing Educational Sports

Sports have always been an intrical part of Americas culture and society, from playing baseball in the front yard to knocking a homerun out of the ballpark, but this playing in the fields only applied to boys. Unfortunately, before Title Nine was established in 1972, there was a great deal of harassment towards women playing educational sports. This new amendment to the Civil Acts, broke down the barriers for women, and demanded proportionality between mens and womens athletic programs. Due to the way of society 35 years ago, Title Nine was necessary for women to receive equal rights in educational sports. Title Nine, an act passed in 1972, prohibits discrimination in all areas of education and provides equality for both men and women in education systems. However, Title Nine is most importantly known for its athletic achievements and endeavors. This federal law, in regards to educational athletic programs, states that no person in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be exc luded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any educational program or activity receiving federal financial assistance, according to the Forum of Public Policy. In other words, females are allowed to play in sports in educational athletic programs and receive the same equal opportunities and treatment as male athletes. Separate teams must be provided for males and females, otherwise both shall be allowed to try out for the same team.Show MoreRelatedTitle Ix741 Words   |  3 Pagesbe discrimination to women, and there shouldn’t have been from the start. Title IX provides women freedom to be able to do whatever men can do. 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Allowing schools and communitiesRead MoreThe Role Of Disclosure Of Transgender Identity2433 Words   |  10 Pagesliberating pronouncements that an individual can share with others. Verbalizing their self-identity can be a struggle for transgender individuals due to fears of social disapproval, rejection, loss of loved ones, discrimination, ostracism, verbal harassment, and violence (Shira Maguen, 2007). An estimated 3.5% of adults in the United States identify as lesbian, gay, or bisexual and an estimated 0.3% of adults are transgender. This implies that there are approximately 9 million LGBT Americans, a figure

International Energy Policy Industrial Revolution in Global Perspecti

Question: Using the PESTER analytical tool, critically analyse the impact of the Renewable energy policies of any developed economy on any OPEC member states energy policy. Answer: Introduction The fossil fuel reserves are continually depleting due to excessive exploitation all over the world. This is due the greater dependence of masses on conventional energy sources for meeting their daily needs. This is resulting in a high emission of greenhouse gases, which are mainly responsible for the global warming. Presently, about 74% of the global energy requirements are met by fossil fuel (Bauger et al. 2015). However, many alternate sources of energy have been discovered, but they are not sufficient meeting the growing energy requirement. The focus of the developing countries has shifted towards exploring the alternate clean and renewable energy sources. They are also framing strict rules and regulations for reducing the emission of the greenhouse gases. Developed countries are looking for energy security with a focus on climate change mitigation (Zhang et al. 2012). The UK is also discovering the renewable and unconventional sources of energy for achieving energy sustainabilit y. It is capitalizing on solar energy and wind energy to meet the energy requirement marginally. All these developments in the UK and other developed countries have serious implications for the OPEC, which need to revisit its energy strategy for future. Current Global Energy consumption scenario Currently, the most of the countries are heavily dependent on the fossil fuel for meeting their energy requirement. According to Lior (2013), this has resulted in the global warming caused due to the emission of greenhouse gasses. Therefore, the focus of developed nations is the exploitation of existing and emerging sources of renewable energy. Since the reserve of fossil fuel is limited, it is the biggest responsibility of our generation to invent and explore the new forms of energy. The challenge is to ensure energy sustainability while mitigating the effects of global warming at the same time. OPEC has complete control over the trade of crude oil and its byproducts (Zhang et al. 2012). It decides the prices o oil and petroleum products in the international market. WTO, which is the regulatory body for controlling all the cross-border trade between two nations, has no jurisdiction over the trade of crude oil in international market. The situation is changing with the country like the US and the China developing their capacity for producing crude oil for meeting their energy requirements partially (Asif and Muneer 2014). Because of this, OPEC is also under pressure to lower the prices of crude oil products. (Source: www.energytribune.com) Prospect of renewable energy sources for the UK The UK is also heavily dependent on the fossil fuel for meeting its energy requirement. It is bringing incremental changes in moving towards energy efficiency by exploring the unconventional and renewable sources of energy. According to Allen (2013), the UK government has prepared a roadmap for meeting 15% of its energy requirement by renewable energy sources. To achieve this challenging and ambitious target the UK government is investing heavily in renewable and nonconventional forms of energy such as wind energy, solar energy, tidal energy, marine energy, biomass energy and hydro energy (Mitchell and Connor 2014). UK produces 20% of its total electricity from the nonrenewable sources. It has set a target of stretching it to 30% by the end of 2020 (Foxon et al. 2015). The UK government is trying to achieve the energy efficiency with sight on reducing the carbon emission. The government aims is to make a clean and green UK for the future generation. The geographic position of the UK is very fruitful for the generation of wind energy at both offshore and onshore (Twidell and Weir 2015). The government has made a huge investment in the offshore and onshore wind energy projects. The total installed capacity of windmills of the UK is almost equal to combined capacity of the rest of the world. Figure: Share of renewable sources of energy in UK (Source: www.carbonbrief.com) PESTEL Analysis of energy sector The environment in which an industry or organization operates is directly or indirectly affected by the external and internal factors. The microenvironment directly affects any particular organization whereas; macro environment affects all the organizations operating in any particular industry. PESTLE stands for Political, Economical, Social, Technological, Legal and Environmental respectively. Political Factors Crude oil is the most sought after commodity, which drives the economies of the world. Any fluctuation in crude oil prices has severe economic implications for all the countries due to their dependence on the fossil fuel for meeting their energy requirements. Currently, crude oil prices registered a monumental 70% increase from the prices last year (Asif and Muneer 2014). Like any other commodity, crude oil prices are also determined by the principle of demand and supply. Rising prices of crude oil of have a lasting impact on the economy of the developing countries. The demand for crude oil products is expected to be rising shortly while the production from existing sources is reduced by 4% because of social and political turbulences going in the Middle East region (Mitchell and Connor 2014). Economic Factors The oil and petroleum industry drive the global economy. The oil reserve of OPEC countries is the backbone of their economies. Any minor change in the rate of production of oil has a major effect on the economy of the rest of the countries of the world. This is due to a high dependence of energy requirements of domestic and commercial users. The oil and petroleum industry has production industry in the upstream and refinery industry in the downstream. The crude oil prices are affected by demand situation, the rate of production and discovery of the new oil reserves. Apart from this, demand for the large number of byproducts of crude oil such as plastic, insecticides, rubber, paint also affect the crude oil prices to a great extent. Social Factors The social factors too have a major impact on the production of oil in the OPEC countries. Currently, middle-east countries are undergoing through a lot of social and political turbulence mainly caused by terrorist activities in the neighboring countries. The oil and petroleum industry have brought significant changes in the lives of people of these countries. The social scientists think that the excessive exploitation of oil reserves is resulting in the accumulation of wealth in the hands of few people while there no major changes in the lives of the ordinary people (Twidell and Weir 2015). The oil companies are involved in the exploitation of basic human right of the workers from the Asian countries. This is also affecting the environment and eco-system in the middle-east countries. The environment activists are demanding to frame strict rules in this regard. Technological Factors The OPEC countries are continuously upgrading the techniques of oil exploration, production, processing, and distribution. All these technological developments are resulting in the higher production of crude oil. This increase is not sufficient to match the ever-growing demand for oil and petroleum products of the global population. The latest technologies are also focusing on the environmental protection and sustainable development of the population residing around oil fields (Farret and Simoes 2013). The latest techniques of logistics are resulting in the minimum loss during transportation and distribution. The satellite imaging is used in the exploration of the new oil reserves, which is leading to the discovery of many virgin oil fields (Grubb 2012). Environmental Factors The excessive exploitation of the existing and emerging oil fields is bringing environmental degradation in the OPEC countries. It has mostly affected the marine species, and many of them are reported to become extinct. This is having an adverse effect on the eco-system and ecology of these countries. The temperature is also growing rapidly in these countries, which are bringing change in the climate (Bauer 2015). There is a frequent outburst of natural disasters such as storms, tsunami, tornados, earthquakes, etc. There is a lack of robust rules and regulation for the protection of the environment, which is giving free rum to the companies for continuing their environmental derogatory work practices. Legal Factors The OPEC is the sole regulatory authority in the world, which has complete control over the exploration, production, supply and distribution of oil and petroleum products in the member countries. It has the monopoly over the trade of oil products in the global market and decides the prices of oil and petroleum products at its convenience. The WTO, which is a UN body formed for regulating the global trade also has no jurisdiction over the trade of crude oil products (Fischer, Gately and Kyle 2015). The UN is trying to impose some legal obligation on OPEC for addressing the issue of basic rights of workers, environmental protection, and consumer protection (Grubb 2012). Long-term Strategy of OPEC According to Ghadar (2105), OPEC is revisiting its existing strategy for oil exploration and production for alignment with the developments going on in the developing countries, which may affect the dynamics of oil trade in the future. They may not be in the driver seat of the oil and petroleum industry in the countries like China, UK, US and India developing their capacity for oil exploration and production (Twidell and Weir 2015). They are also keeping a close tab on the discovery of new renewable sources of energy in the developed countries. They know that the quest of the developed nation like UK to become energy efficient by using their natural resources could have lasting and serious financial implications for the OPEC countries. Therefore, a comprehensive change in the policy of OPEC is required to meet the upcoming challenges (Fischer et al. 2015). The future strategy of OPEC is to bring stability in the prices of oil and petroleum products as too high or too low prices are n ot in the favor of producer as well as consumers (www.opec.org). Recommendation The role of OPEC becomes very crucial in the wake of the ongoing energy crisis, climate change and global warming. OPEC has enjoyed the monopoly in the trade of oil and petroleum products for a long time. It is high time that the OPEC should make significant changes in the work procedures to address the issues of climate change, environmental protection, sustainable development, energy security and prosperity of the people. The latest scientific discovery in the developed country is focused towards finding new renewable sources of energy, which do not cause environmental degradation. The next century may be the century of clean, renewable, and unconventional energy. The OPEC cannot keep the issue of global warming, pollution, carbon emission, and sustainable development at bay any longer. Conclusion The world is heading towards a major energy crisis due to high dependence on the fossil fuel for meeting its energy requirements. As the reserves of coal and crude oil are limited, they may become depleted in the next century. According to energy experts, it is high time to look for the new unconventional and renewable sources of energy to avoid a likely energy scarcity in the coming future. The excessive use of fossil fuel for fulfilling energy requirements is causing severe damage to the environment. The ongoing crisis of global warming is the result of carbon emission caused due to the burning of fossil fuel. The most countries are setting an ambitious target of reducing the carbon emission to bring the situation under control. There is a growing emphasis on increasing the capacity of existing alternative energy projects and setting new plants to produce the electricity using solar energy, wind energy, tidal energy, biomass, and hydroelectricity. The UK has made a significant impr ovement in the production of offshore and onshore wind energy with having capacity almost equal to rest of the world combined. These developments are forcing the OPEC to make necessary changes in their strategy to come to terms with these. They have overlooked the impact of high oil exploration and production but are recognizing the fact that balance is needed to maintain for addressing the issue of climate change. This may isolate the OPEC in the international community if it continues to overlook theses issues, which may have a long-term impact on the economy of the OPEC countries. They also need to explore the unconventional techniques for oil exploration and production for minimizing the damage to the eco-system of the region. Reference List Allen, R.C., 2013.The British industrial revolution in global perspective(pp. 135-181). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Asif, M., and Muneer, T., 2014. Energy supply, its demand and security issues for developed and emerging economies.Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,11(7), pp.1388-1413. Bauer, G.H., 2015. Global Energy Situation. InPhotovoltaic Solar Energy Conversion(pp. 5-8). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Department Of Energy Climate Change - GOV.UK. Gov.uk. N.p., 2016. Web. 30 July 2016. Farret, F.A. and Simes, M.G., 2013.Integration of alternative sources of energy(pp. 112-127). IEEE press. Fischer, D., Gately, D. and Kyle, J.F., 2015. The prospects for OPEC: a critical survey of models of the world oil market.Journal of Development Economics,2(4), pp.363-386. Foxon, T.J., Gross, R., Chase, A., Howes, J., Arnall, A. and Anderson, D., 2015. UK innovation systems for new and renewable energy technologies: drivers, barriers, and systems failures.Energy Policy,33(16), pp.2123-2137. Ghadar, F., 2015. Evolution of OPEC strategy. Grubb, M.J., 2012. The integration of renewable electricity sources.Energy Policy,19(7), pp.670-688. Lior, N., 2013. Energy resources and use: The present situation and possible paths to the future.Energy,33(6), pp.842-857. Mitchell, C. and Connor, P., 2014. Renewable energy policy in the UK 19902003.Energy Policy,32(17), pp.1935-1947. OPEC: Brief History. Opec.org. N.p., 2016. Web. 30 July 2016. Twidell, J., and Weir, T., 2015.Renewable energy resources. Routledge. Zhang, N., Lior, N. and Jin, H., 2012. The energy situation and its sustainable development strategy in China.Energy,36(6), pp.3639-3649.

Research Paper on Apostle Paul Essay Example

Research Paper on Apostle Paul Essay Paul born about 3-4 in Tarsus, died about 64-65 when he was executed by the sword in Rome, was an apostle, missionary, theologian and one of the New Testament writers considered to have played a very large role in the preparation and dissemination of early Christianity. The major sources of Paul’s beliefs and lifestyles are the letters in the New Testament attributed to him and Acts of the Apostles. Paul was a Jew and descended, as well as Israel’s first king, from the patriarch Jacob’s youngest son Benjamin. Paul’s influence on Christian thinking has been argued to be more significant than any other writer of the New Testament. Christianity is considered by many to be dependent on Paul as much as on Jesus. According to the Christians, Paul taught that faith in Christ made the Torah (Law) became unnecessary to reach salvation. Paul’s feast day is celebrated on June 29, which should have been his death. It was common to Jewish parents in the Diaspora gave their children both Hebrew and Greek names. His Hebrew name was Saul (Saul in the 1917 Bible translation). Sometime after his conversion to Christianity at the time of his trip to Cyprus, he chooses instead to use the Greek name Paul (actually Paulos). The name Saul and the Greek name Paul used both in the New Testament. The name Paul used more frequently when the New Testament because language is Greek. We will write a custom essay sample on Research Paper on Apostle Paul specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Research Paper on Apostle Paul specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Research Paper on Apostle Paul specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The main sources of knowledge about Paul’s life and ministry is partly his own letters and the book of Acts of the Apostles in the New Testament. According to Acts of the Apostles, Paul was born in Tarsus in Cilicia. He held Roman citizenship, was jew by birth and belonged to the tribe of Benjamin. He was a Pharisee and educated in Jewish law, according to the Acts of the Jewish teacher Gamaliel in Jerusalem. As a Pharisee, Paul was very zealous and pursued eagerly the early Christian church. He attended as a spectator when Stephen was stoned and Paul himself acquired a license to go to Damascus to monitor the Christians there. On the way there, he met, according to the book of Acts of the Apostles, Jesus in a vision and converted to Christianity. In his letters, Paul provided only sparse information about this. From Year 45, Paul undertook three great missionary journeys around the Mediterranean and it was during this period when the letters were written. In each city, he preached first in the synagogue, and then he turned to the Gentiles, the non-Jewish. After twelve years, Paul traveled back to Jerusalem, where he was imprisoned by the Roman commandant. As a Roman citizen, he could appeal and after two years, he was sent to Rome. On the way to Rome, he suffered shipwreck in Malta, according to tradition, on the Maltese island of Saint Paul’s Islet. In Malta, he was bitten by a poisonous snake without damage and he is the patron saint of ormbitna. To get more information on the topic, use free sample research paper on Apostle Paul. At EssayLib.com writing service you can order a custom research paper on Apostle Paul topics. Your research paper will be written from scratch. We hire top-rated Ph.D. and Master’s writers only to provide students with professional research paper assistance at affordable rates. Each customer will get a non-plagiarized paper with timely delivery. Just visit our website and fill in the order form with all research paper details: Enjoy our professional research paper writing service!

Free Essays on History Of Civil War Unifrom

â€Å"unus,† one and â€Å"forma,† form, and includes the different styles of dress adopted by the Military services to secure the distinction required (Haythorntwaite 10). Since the military profession has always been an honorable one the uniform has been a badge of honor and a means of improving the morale of its wearers in addition to its original purpose of distinguishing friend from foe. Until the formation of the Continental Army, the troops in the American colonies wore uniforms similar to those of European states to which they belonged. Hence, after the Battle of Quebec, in which the French lost Canada, the British influence in uniforms was paramount in North America. (Troiani 43) After the Revolutionary War the anti-British sentiment combined with the fact that France had been our ally caused the French influence in uniforms to be predominant. At the beginning of the Revolutionary War, as the hunting dress was the cheapest and most easily procured, General Washington recommended its adoption by the soldiers of the Continental Army. It was a dress consisting of the shirt, leggings, rifle bag for bullets, and the powder horn. His personal uniform was represented as being a blue coat with red facing, red waistcoat and breeches, although another description of it states the facings were buff, and the waistcoat and breeches buff. He also wore a cocked hat and knee-boots. Congress, by resolution on March 23, 1779, authorized and directed the Commander in Chief, according to circumstances of supplies and clothing, to fix and prescribe the uniform, as well with regard to color and facings, as the cut or fashion of the clothes, to be worn by the troops of the respective States and Regiments, woolen overalls for winter and linen for summer, to be substituted for the breeches. (Davis 47) It should be noted, however... Free Essays on History Of Civil War Unifrom Free Essays on History Of Civil War Unifrom The History and Standard Dress of the Civil War Uniform The word â€Å"uniform† is derived from the Latin words â€Å"unus,† one and â€Å"forma,† form, and includes the different styles of dress adopted by the Military services to secure the distinction required (Haythorntwaite 10). Since the military profession has always been an honorable one the uniform has been a badge of honor and a means of improving the morale of its wearers in addition to its original purpose of distinguishing friend from foe. Until the formation of the Continental Army, the troops in the American colonies wore uniforms similar to those of European states to which they belonged. Hence, after the Battle of Quebec, in which the French lost Canada, the British influence in uniforms was paramount in North America. (Troiani 43) After the Revolutionary War the anti-British sentiment combined with the fact that France had been our ally caused the French influence in uniforms to be predominant. At the beginning of the Revolutionary War, as the hunting dress was the cheapest and most easily procured, General Washington recommended its adoption by the soldiers of the Continental Army. It was a dress consisting of the shirt, leggings, rifle bag for bullets, and the powder horn. His personal uniform was represented as being a blue coat with red facing, red waistcoat and breeches, although another description of it states the facings were buff, and the waistcoat and breeches buff. He also wore a cocked hat and knee-boots. Congress, by resolution on March 23, 1779, authorized and directed the Commander in Chief, according to circumstances of supplies and clothing, to fix and prescribe the uniform, as well with regard to color and facings, as the cut or fashion of the clothes, to be worn by the troops of the respective States and Regiments, woolen overalls for winter and linen for summer, to be substituted for the breeches. (Davis 47) It should be noted, however...

Does cultural globalization inevitably result in cultural Essay

Does cultural globalization inevitably result in cultural homogenization Your answer should consider examples from at least one - Essay Example Globalization is an ongoing process, and the term has come into use since around 1990. The spread from one region to another of different symbols, products and concepts of culture across the globe, and their incorporation into new cultures are key to cultural globalization. It is important to understand whether the mutual assimilation of new cultures by different countries leads to their homogenization and uniformity of culture. Thesis Statement: The purpose of this paper is to determine whether cultural globalization inevitably results in cultural homogenization. Cultural Globalization Results in Homogenization and Differentiation Traditional concepts of culture are challenged by globalization. Culture was considered as that which differentiated one group from another, thereby identifying â€Å"otherness†. Culture has been one of anthropology’s main means of categorization; however the flexible boundaries today makes the concept of culture even more abstract. Lewellen (2002: 162) states that â€Å"globalization tends to break down categories; boundaries dissolve and once-differentiated types overlap, flow into each other, are transformed by contact into new forms, and take on unanticipated meanings in new contexts†. ... Moreover, globalization is almost never unimpeded. Nationalism, ethnicity, nongovernmental organizations, and transnational communities form a defense to prevent economic and political marginalization, cultural disintegration, and anomy or social instability caused by erosion of cultural standards. This is also true for cultural assimilation of transnational communities. Modernization theory predicted increasing cultural homogenization through assimilation of ethnic groups in western cultures over several generations. However, mainly due to global technology it is increasingly possible to maintain one’s ethnic identity through quick visits to home country by air, cheap and instantaneous communication with family that stayed behind, business networks and financial transactions both ways, expatriate participation in home-country politics, and a constant introduction of new immigrants from home country contribute to sustaining migrant ethnicity for long periods of time, and preve nts homogenization with host culture. Contemporary anthropologists tend to look for differences and not similarity, resistance not accommodation, transnationalism not assimilation. Friedman (1994) states that there are several examples of cultural devolution which are not represented in evolutionary theories. Examples are cultures such as those of Hawaii, North American and Peruvian Indians, and Congo pygmies that have lost much of their original autonomy and complexity as they are absorbed into the peripery of dominant cultures. Anthropologists agree that no cultural convergence is observable, and it is likely that the â€Å"total repertoire of cultural forms

Ear Disorders Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Ear Disorders - Essay Example Treatment procedures usually include typical treatment modes such as yoga to cope stress in these patients and after that they could be given intratympanic corticosteroids. The function of these corticosteroids is to reduce inflammation in the endolymphatic dust. Also surgical procedures which include decreasing the pressure in the duct in order to maintain the flow of the endolymph in the vestibular system can also be applied in severe cases. But, surgical procedures usually lead to hearing loss as a complication since both the systems are very closely associated (ODonoghue et al 2000). Excessive endolymph pressure in the endolymphatic duct and the whole inner ear leads to the compression of the nerve endings of the outer and inner hair cells. Once compressed for a longer period of time these nerve endings first generate a symptom of timmitis with alternating periods of hearing loss and then if the disease is not treated these nerve cells eventually die. Since nerve cells do not have the capacity to regenerate the damage once done is usually irrereversible (ODonoghue et al

Mission of the IMF Essay Example for Free

Mission of the IMF Essay The primary and most important mission of the IMF is declared to be provision of monetary assistance to countries facing serious economic and financial troubles from the accumulated funds of the IMF from the deposits of the organizations 185 member nations. Although the stated goal of the provided aid is therefore to help the distressed nation sail through their difficulties, simply the fact that these aids are associated with certain conditionalities which essentially make them tied aids, do make the veracity of such an assumption dubious. Although the conditions that are attached with the provided aids are justified as being necessary amendments that the receiving nation has to make to ensure that such distress does not revisit the nation, often the structural adjustments that are suggested and actually imposed seem to have more potential benefits for nations other than the recipient. The fact that the IMF’s judgements and decisions are made through voting in which the members with higher shares of subscription receive higher weightage casts further shadows of doubt on the proper motivations for the Fund’s actions. Therefore, there is reason to believe that the IMF’s true goals are actually masked with justificatory reasoning which attempt to establish it in glorious roles but are actually in line with those of certain economic powers that dominate the IMF’s decision making and reap the benefits of enforcing changes upon nations weakened enough to have no other choice but to accept the conditions and thereby actually cause greater benefit to those economies rather than themselves. When one sees these aids in light of such motives, in spite of the stated motives, the term aid certainly becomes a misnomer. The so called Austerity programs of the IMF which by definition seek to restore a distressed nation to a state so that it is able to repay its debts by advocating reduced government spending and increased taxes have been subject to a lot of controversy. Currency devaluation is often a recommendation of the IMF to distressed countries in these programmes. But, neo-classical supply-side economists claim, to the governments of poor nations with struggling economies which are force to seek foreign aid, such pro-Keynesian policies which are actually tailor made for advanced capitalist economies undergoing depression are destructive to economic prosperity. The IMF also advocates increased taxes as part of these programmes to ensure increased government revenue. But critics point out that such increased taxation implicitly implies recessionary pressure on the economy, some thing it is certainly not in a state to handle being in a distressed enough state to seek foreign aid. The potential economic contraction that is likely to follow has more chances of damaging the economy rather than working in its advantage. In fact Stiglitz (2002) argues that in converting to a rather Monetarist approach, the IMF had lost all valid purpose, of its existence as provision of funds for nations to enable them to carry out Keynesian reflations was what it was designed for. The IMF’s success has been considerably limited in light of the very significant number of failures it has faced. The fact that it has been able to increase overall international cooperation and promote trade openness is a largely highlighted success of the institution. It is also posited that since its inception and more since the Second World War, the IMF’s active intervention has led to enhanced global macroeconomic stability and growth. However, since the 1980s critics claim that more than 100 of the member countries have faced banking collapses which have led to reductions in GDP by four percent or more, a precedent by far since post depression history (Stiglitz, 2002). It is often pointed out that the IMF actually responds to or often causes crises rather than prevent them. The long lag in the response time to any crisis is also noted to be one of the very significant failures of the institution. As direct examples of the IMF’s intervention worsening the situation of a nation we can cite the instance of Argentina, which had been previously considered as a model country by the IMF for its compliance to the Fund’s policy proposals. This nation experienced a severe crisis in 2001, an event mostly attributed to budget restrictions induced by the IMF which significantly reduced the governments ability to maintain infrastructural expenses and it failed to provide even in very crucial and basic areas like health, education, and security. Another example of IMF Structural Adjustment Programmes actually aggravating a problem was the Goldenberg scandal in Kenya. The IMF imposed mandatory regulations on the Kenyan central bank which till then oversaw all currency in and out flows, which required it to permit easier currency movements through reduced regulations in the market for foreign exchange and the capital market. Although this adjustment failed to deliver miserably on its promise of increased foreign investment it allowed, it certainly allowed billions of Kenyan shillings to be siphoned off thereby actually leaving the country far worse off than before the implementation of the IMF reforms (Axel, 2003). References: Dreher, Axel (2003). The Influence of Elections on IMF Programme Interruptions. The Journal of Development Studies 39 (6): 101–120 Stiglitz, J. , (2002) Globalization and its Discontents, New York: WW Norton Company

William Faulkners A Rose for Emily Essay -- A Rose for Emily, William

William Faulkner's "A Rose for Emily"   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"A Rose for Emily,† is the remarkable story of Emily Grierson, whose death and funeral drew the attention of the town. The bizarre outcome is further emphasized throughout by the symbolism of the decaying house, which parallels Miss Emily’s physical deterioration and demonstrates her ultimate mental disintegration. Emily’s life, like the house which decays around her, suffers from lack of genuine love and care.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The characteristics of Miss Emily’s house, like her physical appearance, are brought about by years of neglect. For example, the house is located in what was once a prominent neighborhood that has deteriorated. Originally white and decorated in â€Å"the heavily lightsome style† of an earlier time, the house has become â€Å"an eyesore among eyesores†(177). The description of her house represents a place side by side of the past and present and was an emblematic presentation of Emily herself. Through lack of attention the house has evolved from a beautiful representative of quality to an ugly holdover from another era. Similarly, Miss Emily became an eyesore; for example, she was first described as a â€Å"fallen monument†(177) to suggest her former grandeur and her later ugliness. She was a â€Å"monument,† an ideal of past values but fallen because she had shown herself susceptible to death and decay. According Fetterley, †Å"the violence implicit in the desire to see the monument fall†(194). Like the house, she has lost her beauty....

The Papaer Java Test Questions and Answers

Gaddis – Starting Out With Java 5 – From Control Structures to Objects Chapter 06 – A First Look At Classes Multiple Choice 1. One or more objects may be created from a(n)_____. a. field b. class c. method d. instance ANS: B 2. Class objects normally have _____ that perform useful operations on their data, but primitive variables do not. a. fields b. instances c. methods d. relationships ANS: C 3. In the cookie cutter method: Think of the _____ as a cookie cutter and _____ as the cookies. a. object; classes b. class; objects c. class; fields d. field; methods ANS: B 4. A UML diagram does not contain _____. . class name b. methods c. fields d. object names ANS: D 5. An access specifier indicates how the class may be accessed. a. True b. False ANS: A 6. Data hiding, which means that critical data stored inside the object is protected from code outside the object is accomplished in Java by _____. a. using the public access specifier on the class methods b. using the private access specifier on the class methods c. using the private access specifier on the class definition d. using the private access specifier on the class fields ANS: D 7. For the following code, which statement is not true? ublic class Sphere { private double radius; public double x; private double y; private double z; } a. x is available to code that is written outside the Sphere class. b. radius is not available to code written outside the Sphere class. c. radius, x, y, and z are called members of the Sphere class. d. z is available to code that is written outside the Sphere class. ANS: D 8. Which of the following is not part of the method header? a. Method name b. Return type c. Access specifier d. Parameter variable declaration e. All of the above are parts of the method header ANS: E 9.A method that stores a value in a class’s field or in some other way changes the value of a field is known as a mutator method. a. True b. False ANS: A 10. You should not define a cl ass field that is dependent upon the values of other class fields _____. a. in order to avoid having stale data b. because it is redundant c. because it should be defined in another class d. in order to keep it current ANS: A 11. The following UML diagram entry means _____ + setHeight(h : double) : void a. this is a public field called Height and is a double data type b. this is a private method with no parameters and returns a double data type c. his is a private field called Height and is a double data type d. this is a public method with a parameter of data type double and does not return a value ANS: D 12. Instance methods should be declared static. a. True b. False ANS: B 13. Methods that operate on an object’s fields are called a. instance variables b. instance methods c. public methods d. private methods ANS: B 14. The scope of a private instance field is a. the instance methods of the same class b. inside the class, but not inside any method c. inside the parentheses of a method header d. the method in which they are defined ANS: A 15.A constructor is a method that is automatically called when an object is created. a. True b. False ANS: A 16. A constructor a. always accepts two arguments b. has return type of void c. has the same name as the class d. always has an access specifier of private ANS: C 17. Shadowing is the term used to describe where the field name is hidden by the name of a local or parameter variable. a. True b. False ANS: A 18. Which of the following statements will create a reference, str, to the String, â€Å"Hello, World†? a. String str = â€Å"Hello, World†; b. string str = â€Å"Hello, World†; c. String str = new â€Å"Hello, World†; . str = â€Å"Hello, World†; ANS: A 19. Two or more methods in a class may have the same name as long as a. they have different return types b. they have different parameter lists c. they have different return types, but the same parameter list d. you cannot ha ve two methods with the same name ANS: B 20. Given the following code, what will be the value of finalAmount when it is displayed? public class Order { private int orderNum; private double orderAmount; private double orderDiscount; public Order(int orderNumber, double orderAmt, double orderDisc) { orderNum = orderNumber; orderAmount = orderAmt; rderDiscount = orderDisc; } } public class CustomerOrder { public static void main(String[] args) { int ordNum = 1234; double ordAmount = 580. 00; double discountPer = 0. 1; Order order; double finalAmount = order. orderAmount – order. orderAmount * order. orderDiscount; System. out. println(â€Å"Final order amount = $† + finalAmount); } } a. 528. 00 b. 580. 00 c. There is no value because the constructor has an error. d. There is no value because the object order has not been created. ANS: D 21. A class specifies the _____ and _____ that a particular type of object has. a. relationships; methods b. ields; object names c. field s; methods d. relationships; object names ANS: C 22. ____ refers to the combining of data and code into a single object. a. Data hiding b. Abstraction c. Object d. Encapsulation ANS: D 23. Another term for an object of a class is ____. a. access specifier b. instance c. member d. method ANS: B 24. In this book the general layout of a UML diagram is a box that is divided into three sections. The top section has the ____; the middle section holds ____; the bottom section holds ____. a. class name; fields; methods b. class name; object name; methods c. object name; fields; methods . object name; methods; fields ANS: A 25. The public access specifier for an field indicates that the field may not be accessed by statements outside the class. a. True b. False ANS: B 26. For the following code, which statement is not true? public class Circle { private double radius; public double x; private double y; } a. x is available to code that is written outside the Circle class. b. radius is not ava ilable to code written outside the Circle class. c. radius, x, and y are called members of the Circle class. d. y is available to code that is written outside the Circle class.ANS: D 27. It is common practice in object-oriented programming to make all of a class’s _____. a. methods private b. fields private c. fields public d. fields and methods public ANS: B 28. After the header, the body of the method appears inside a set of a. brackets, [] b. paretheses, () c. braces, {} d. double quotes, â€Å"† ANS: C 29. A method that gets a value from a class’s field but does not change it is known as a mutator method. a. True b. False ANS: B 30. In UML diagrams, a ____ indicates the member is private and a _____ indicates the member is public. a. *; / b. ; @ c. –; + d. (); : ANS: C 31. In a UML diagram to indicate the data type of a variable enter a. the variable name followed by the data type b. the variable name followed by a colon and the data type c. the class name followed by the variable name followed by the data type d. the data type followed by the variable name ANS: B 32. Instance methods do not have the key word static in their headers. a. True b. False ANS: A 33. When an object is created, the fields associated with the object are called a. instance fields b. instance methods c. fixed fields d. class instancesANS: A 34. A constructor is a method that a. returns an object of the class. b. never receives any arguments. c. with the name (class name). constructor. d. performs initialization or setup operations. ANS: D 35. The term â€Å"default constructor† is applied to any constructor that does not accept arguments. a. True b. False ANS: B 36. The scope of a public instance field is a. only the class in which it is defined b. inside the class, but not inside any method c. inside the parentheses of a method header d. the instance methods and methods outside the class ANS: D 37.When a local variable in an instance method has th e same name as an instance field, the instance field hides the local variable. a. True b. False ANS: B 38. Which of the following statements will create a reference, str, to the string, â€Å"Hello, world†? A. String str = new String(â€Å"Hello, World†); B. String str = â€Å"Hello, world†; a. A b. B c. A and B d. Neither A or B ANS: C 39. Overloading means multiple methods in the same class a. have the same name, but different return types b. have different names, but the same parameter list c. have the same name, but different parameter lists d. perform the same function ANS: C

Phar Mor Case - 8496 Words

~ Case 6 Phar-Mor, Inc.: Accounting Fraud, Litigation, and Auditor Liability Mark S. Beasley, Frank A. Buckless, Steven M. Glover, Douglas F. Prawitt LEARNING OBJECTIVES After completing and discussing this case, you should be able to . . Identify factors contributing to an environment conducive to accounting fraud . Understand what factors may inappropriately influence the client-auditor relationship and auditor independence Understand auditor legal liability issues related to suits brought by plaintiffs under both statutory and COmmonlaw INTRODUCTION In December 1995, the flamboyant entrepreneur Michael Mickey Monus, formerly president and chief operating officer (COO) of the deep-discount retail chain PharMor, Inc., was†¦show more content†¦Phar-Mors prices were so low that competitors wondered how Phar-Mor could do it. Monus strategy was to underse11Wal-Mart in each market where the two retailers directly competed. Unfortunately, Phar-Mors prices were so low that Phar-Mor began losing money. Unwi11ingto a11owthese shortfa11sto damage Phar-Mors appearance of success, Monus and his team began to engage in creative accounting so that PharMor never reported these losses in its financial statements. Federal fraud examiners discerned later that 1987 was the last year Phar-Mor actua11ymade a profit. Investors, relying upon these erroneous financial statements, saw Phar-Mor as an opportunity to cash in on the retailing craze. Among the big investors were Westinghouse Credit Corp., Sears Roebuck Co., ma11developer Edward J. de Bartolo, and the prestigious Lazard Freres Co. Corporate Partners Investment Fund. Prosecutors say banks and investors put $1.14 biUion into Phar-Mor based on the phony records. The fraud was ultimately uncovered when a travel agent received a Phar-Mor check signed by Monus paying for expenses that were unrelated to Phar-Mor. The agent showed the check to her landlord, who happened to be a Phar-Mor investor, IUnless otherwise noted, the facts and statements included in this case are based on actual trial transcripts. Case 6 - Phar-Mor, Inc.: Accounting Fraud, Litigation, and Auditor Liability and he contacted Phar-Mors chiefShow MoreRelatedPhar-Mor Case1536 Words   |  7 PagesAssignment Week 1 The Case of Phar-Mor Inc Devry University ACCT 525-15768 January 12, 2014 Abstract The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 was implemented with the sole purpose of assuring the investors in the financial reporting system. One example is a case such as Phar-Mor which fabricated their inventory in most of their retail stores in order to conceal a massive fraud by the leading executives. Or the Waste Management scandal which did things such as capitalizing items which should haveRead MoreThe Case Of Phar Mor Inc.1433 Words   |  6 PagesThe Case of Phar-Mor Inc. Fraud will always be an issue but it has been more prevalence in the past before there were any specific guidelines for business entities and accountants to adhere and conform to. It is observed that those with higher positions in a company could let the power get to them at times and can use that power for their personal benefits. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act set standards to try to prevent future scandals like in the case of Phar Mor Inc., the Waste Management scandal and EnronRead MorePhar-Mor: Case Study1439 Words   |  6 PagesPhar-Mor was known as one of the major discount chain retailers in the late 1980’s - early 1990’s. It was founded by Mickey Monus, a gambler in nature, who with the help of senior management was â€Å"cooking the books† for years to cover up his loses. The reason why senior management agreed to do this fraud is the belief in unique ability of their leader to fix everything later on. This case is known as one of the biggest accounting frauds in the corporate history of the U.S. This paper will analyzeRead MoreCase 4.6. Phar-Mor Inc.8093 Words   |  33 Pages|Case 4.6 | |Instructional Notes | | | |Phar-Mor, Inc.: Read MoreCase Study : Phar Mor s Assets787 Words   |  4 PagesExecutives misappropriated Phar-Mor’s assets, directing over $10 million to Monus’s now defunct World Basketball League (WBL). With the league failing and fan attendance dwindling, Monus was forced to use Phar-Mor funds to cover numerous WBL expenses. When a Phar-Mor check was sent directly to a WBL vendor, the fraud began to unravel. CEO David Shapira announced the fraud in August 1992. Phar-Mor maintained 91 related parties, as identified after the fraud. These related parties; many setRead MoreEssay about Case 4.6 Phar-Mor, Inc.618 Words   |  3 PagesIf there was a reckless misrepresentation and lack of due diligence in verifying accuracy of financial information that is free of material misstatements, that alone would give me a reason to sue the auditors. B) Negligence as it is used in legal cases involving independence auditor is defined as â€Å"failure to conduct an audit with due professional care in the performance of work† C) The primary difference between negligence and fraud is fraud is the intentional concealment or misstatement of informationRead MoreThe Case Summaries For Phar Mor Inc. Fraud Essay1302 Words   |  6 PagesThe Case Summaries for Phar-Mor Inc. Fraud, Waste Management Scandal, Enron Scandal and Answers Phar-Mor Inc. Fraud Summary Phar-Mor Inc. fell prey to greed from the top. Unfortunately, the auditing firm assisted the organization with the conspiracy to defraud the users of financial reporting, the government, and the stakeholders. The chief officers used the funds for personal usage and appropriated funds to functions that were not related to the organization business. The financial statementsRead MoreEssay about Phar Mor Inc Case Study1184 Words   |  5 PagesSean Russi The Case of Phar-Mor Inc ACCT-525 October 31, 2012 Case Summary The case of Phar-Mor Inc was one of the biggest pre-Enron frauds that have been uncovered. Phar-Mor Inc established in 1982 Phar-Mor was a small little known discount drugstore. Phar-Mor became well known for offering medications at a 25-40% discount rate compared to your normal pharmacy store prices. Phar-Mor’s first six years of existence seemingly wereRead MorePhar Mor813 Words   |  4 PagesACCT 4304, Fall 2015 Audit case Read the attached audit case and answer all the questions that follow. A total of 90 points are available for the actual responses to the questions and 10 points are available for presentation, clarity and grammar. Total points for the assignment are 100. Note: Answer the questions as comprehensively as possible. Reference to Auditing Standards, your textbook, and other relevant authoritative sources is expected where appropriate. Even where some of the questionsRead MoreCase Analysis : The Fraud1004 Words   |  5 PagesFinn eliminated the internal audit function to hide the payroll irregularities. †¢ Collusion among upper management and employees to commit fraud †¢ The Phar Mor had the knowledge of the audit procedures and objectives, as one of the auditors has worked for Coopers as well as the Phar Mor. †¢ The complex web of related parties involved with the Phar Mor made it difficult to detect the improprieties and fraudulent activities. AICPA’s the most decisive step to combat fraud and puts greater emphasis on professional